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Information and communications technology
Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), It is a more extensive term (i.e. more broad in scope) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
The term ''ICT'' is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.
However, ICT has no universal definition, as "the concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis." The broadness of ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form, e.g. personal computers, digital television, email, robots;
==Etymology==
The phrase "''information and communication technology"'' has been used by academic researchers since the 1980s,〔William Melody et al., ''Information and Communication Technology: Social Sciences Research and Training: A Report by the ESRC Programme on Information and Communication Technologies'', ISBN 0-86226-179-1, 1986. Roger Silverstone et al., "Listening to a long conversation: an ethnographic approach to the study of information and communication technologies in the home", ''Cultural Studies'', 5(2), pages 204-227, 1991.〕 and the abbreviation ''ICT'' became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997,〔The Independent ICT in Schools Commission, (''Information and Communications Technology in UK Schools: An Independent Inquiry'' ), 1997. Impact noted in Jim Kelly, (What the Web is Doing for Schools ), Financial Times, 2000.〕 and in the revised National Curriculum for England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2000. But in 2012, the Royal Society recommended that ''ICT'' should no longer be used in British schools "as it has attracted too many negative connotations",〔Royal Society, (Shut down or restart? The way forward for computing in UK schools ), 2012, page 18.〕 and with this being in effect since 2014 the National Curriculum began to utilize the word ''computing,'' which reflects the addition of computer programming into the curriculum. A leading group of universities consider ICT to be a soft subject and thus advise students against studying A-level ICT, preferring A-level Computer Science instead.
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